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Gross Motor Function Measure

This page was last updated on February 8th, 2023

GMFM Definition: The GMFM is an observational assessment tool that tests motor function skills in five dimensions or domains. There are two forms available, the GMFM-66 and the GMFM-88, with the former containing 66 test items and the latter 88 test items. This tool has been validated as test-retest, inter-rater, and intra-rater reliable and is widely accepted (46).

Dimensions and Items: Dimensions of testing and number of items in each dimension for the GMFM-66 and GMFM-88.

  • Lying and rolling: There are 4 items tested in the lying and rolling dimension in the GMFM-66. In the GMFM-88, this dimension has 17 items tested.
  • Sitting: There are 15 items tested in the sitting dimension in the GMFM-66. In the GMFM-88, there are 20 items tested.
  • Crawling and kneeling: There are 10 items tested in the kneeling dimension in the GMFM-66. In the GMFM-88, there are 14 items tested.
  • Standing: There are 13 items tested in the standing dimension in both the GMFM-66 and the GMFM-88.
    Walking, running, and jumping: There are 24 items tested in the walking, running, and jumping dimension in both the GMFM-66 and GMFM-88.

Scoring of Items: Each item, or task, is scored on a 4-point scale with 0 meaning task cannot be done, 1 meaning task is initiated but <10% finished, 2 meaning task partially completed (10% to <100% completed), and 3 meaning task can be completed.

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