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HomeSpinal Diseases and Anomalies in ChildrenCervical Spine Trauma in Children HomepageReferences for Cervical Spine Trauma in Children

References for Cervical Spine Trauma in Children

This page was last updated on November 25th, 2022

  1. Abou Madawi A, Solanki G, Casey AT, et al: Variation of the groove in the axis vertebra for the vertebral artery. Implications for instrumentation. J Bone Joint Surg Br 79:820823, 1997
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  3. Anderson RC, Kan P, Hansen KW, et al: Cervical spine clearance after trauma in children. Neurosurg Focus 20:E3, 2006
  4. Brooks AL, Jenkins EB: Atlanto-axial arthrodesis by the wedge compression method. J Bone Joint Surg Am 60:279-284, 1978
  5. Brown RL, Brunn MA, Garcia VF: Cervical spine injuries in children: a review of 103 patients treated consecutively at a level 1 pediatric trauma center. J Pediatr Surg 36:1107-1114, 2001
  6. Castro I, Santos DP, Christoph Dde H, et al: The history of spinal surgery for disc disease: an illustrated timeline. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 63:701-706, 2005
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  11. Dickman CA, Sonntag VK, Papadopoulos SM, et al: The interspinous method of posterior atlantoaxial arthrodesis. J Neurosurg 74:190-198, 1991
  12. Dickman CA, Zabramski JM, Hadley MN, et al: Pediatric spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities: report of 26 cases and review of the literature. J Spinal Disord 4:296-305, 1991
  13. Dogan S, Safavi-Abbasi S, Theodore N, et al: Pediatric subaxial cervical spine injuries: origins, management, and outcome in 51 patients. Neurosurg Focus 20:E1, 2006
  14. Dweik A, Van den Brande E, Kossmann T, et al: History of cervical spine surgery: from nihilism to advanced reconstructive surgery. Spinal Cord 51:809-814, 2013
  15. Fisher CG, Dvorak MF, Leith J, et al: Comparison of outcomes for unstable lower cervical flexion teardrop fractures managed with halo thoracic vest versus anterior corpectomy and plating. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 27:160-166, 2002
  16. Furlan JC, Sakakibara BM, Miller WC, et al: Global incidence and prevalence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Can J Neurol Sci40:456-464, 2013
  17. Goel A, Desai KI, Muzumdar DP: Atlantoaxial fixation using plate and screw method: a report of 160 treated patients. Neurosurgery 51:1351-1356; discussion 1356-1357, 2002
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  19. Hamilton MG, Myles ST: Pediatric spinal injury: review of 174 hospital admissions. J Neurosurg 77:700-704, 1992
  20. Hedequist D, Hresko T, Proctor M: Modern cervical spine instrumentation in children. Spine 33:379-383, 2008
  21. Hedequist DJ: Modern posterior screw techniques in the pediatric cervical spine. World J Orthop 5:94-99, 2014
  22. Hwang SW, Gressot LV, Rangel-Castilla L, et al: Outcomes of instrumented fusion in the pediatric cervical spine. J Neurosurg Spine 17:397-409, 2012
  23. Kewalramani LS, Tori JA: Spinal cord trauma in children. Neurologic patterns, radiologic features, and pathomechanics of injury. Spine 5:11-18, 1980
  24. Kokoska ER, Keller MS, Rallo MC, et al: Characteristics of pediatric cervical spine injuries. JPediatr Surg36:100-105, 2001
  25. Leonard JR, Jaffe DM, Kuppermann N, et al: Cervical spine injury patterns in children. Pediatrics133:e1179-1188, 2014
  26. Li XF, Dai LY, Lu H, et al: A systematic review of the management of hangman’s fractures. Eur Spine J15:257-269, 2006
  27. Limpaphayom N, Skaggs DL, McComb G, et al: Complications of halo use in children. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34:779-784, 2009
  28. Lustrin ES, Karakas SP, Ortiz AO, et al: Pediatric cervical spine: normal anatomy, variants, and trauma. Radiographics23:539-560, 2003
  29. Madawi AA, Casey AT, Solanki GA, et al: Radiological and anatomical evaluation of the atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation technique. J Neurosurg 86:961-968, 1997
  30. Magerl F, Seemann P-S: Stable posterior fusion of the atlas and axis by transarticular screw fixation, in Kehr P, Weidner A, Cervical Spine Research Society (eds): Cervical Spine I.New York: Springer-Verlag, 1986, pp 322-327
  31. Marketos SG, Skiadas P: Hippocrates. The father of spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976)24:1381-1387, 1999
  32. McCall T, Fassett D, Brockmeyer D: Cervical spine trauma in children: a review. Neurosurg Focus 20:E5, 2006
  33. McGrory BJ, Klassen RA, Chao EY, et al: Acute fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine in children and adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg Am75:988-995, 1993
  34. Moftakhar R, Trost GR: Anterior cervical plates: a historical perspective. Neurosurg Focus 16:E8, 2004
  35. Osenbach RK, Menezes AH: Pediatric spinal cord and vertebral column injury. Neurosurgery 30:385-390, 1992
  36. Osenbach RK, Menezes AH: Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in children. Pediatr Neurosci 15:168-174; discussion 175, 1989
  37. Pang D, Li V: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation: part 3-a prospective study of the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, management, and outcome of children with alantoaxial rotatory fixation. Neurosurgery 57:954-972; discussion 954-972, 2005
  38. Pang D, Nemzek WR, Zovickian J: Atlanto-occipital dislocation–part 2: The clinical use of (occipital) condyle-C1 interval, comparison with other diagnostic methods, and the manifestation, management, and outcome of atlanto-occipital dislocation in children. Neurosurgery 61:995-1015; discussion 1015, 2007
  39. Pang D, Nemzek WR, Zovickian J: Atlanto-occipital dislocation: part 1–normal occipital condyle-C1 interval in 89 children. Neurosurgery 61:514-521; discussion 521, 2007
  40. Pang D, Pollack IF: Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in children–the SCIWORA syndrome. J Trauma 29:654-664, 1989
  41. Patel JC, Tepas JJ, 3rd, Mollitt DL, et al: Pediatric cervical spine injuries: defining the disease. J Pediatr Surg 36:373-376, 2001
  42. Rahimi-Movaghar V, Sayyah MK, Akbari H, et al: Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in developing countries: a systematic review. Neuroepidemiology41:65-85, 2013
  43. Rekate HL, Theodore N, Sonntag VK, et al: Pediatric spine and spinal cord trauma. State of the art for the third millennium. Childs Nerv Syst 15:743-750, 1999
  44. Rozzelle CJ, Aarabi B, Dhall SS, et al: Management of pediatric cervical spine and spinal cord injuries. Neurosurgery 72 Suppl 2:205-226, 2013
  45. Shacked I, Ram Z, Hadani M: The anterior cervical approach for traumatic injuries to the cervical spine in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res 292:144-150, 1993
  46. Spence KF, Jr., Decker S, Sell KW: Bursting atlantal fracture associated with rupture of the transverse ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Am 52:543-549, 1970
  47. Steinmetz MP, Lechner RM, Anderson JS: Atlantooccipital dislocation in children: presentation, diagnosis, and management. Neurosurg Focus 14:ecp1, 2003
  48. Subach BR, McLaughlin MR, Albright AL, et al: Current management of pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976)23:2174-2179, 1998
  49. Sullivan J: Fractures of the Spine in Children, ed 2.Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1998
  50. Traynelis VC, Marano GD, Dunker RO, et al: Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation. Case report. J Neurosurg 65:863-870, 1986
  51. Viccellio P, Simon H, Pressman BD, et al: A prospective multicenter study of cervical spine injury in children. Pediatrics 108:E20, 2001
  52. Wright N, Lauryssen C: Techniques of posterior C1-2 stabilization. Techniques in Neurosurgery 4(4):286-297, 1998
  53. Advanced trauma fife support student manual 9thEdition. American College of Surgeons 2013 (https://www.44c.in.ua/files/book11.pdf)  [Accessed 04 February 2019]
  54. Chaeung V, Hoshide R, Bansal V, et al: Methylprednisolone in the management of spinal cord injuries: Lessons from randomized, controlled trials. Surg Neurol Int. 6: 142. Epub  2015 Aug 24. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.163452
  55. Hall GC, Kinsman MJ, Nazar RC, et al: Atlanto-occipital dislocation.  World J Orthop 6(2): 236-43, 2015
  56. Hoffman JR, Mower WR, Wolfson AB, et al: Validity of a set of clinical criteria to rule out injury to cervical spine in patients with blunt trauma. NEJM 343:  p.94, 2000.
  57. Doran SE, Papadopoulos SM, Miller LD: Internal fixation of the spine using a braided titanium cable: clinical results and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging.  Neurosurgery 38(3): 493-6; discussion 496-7, 1996
  58. Smucker JD, Rhee JM, Singh K, et al: Increased swelling complications associated with off-label usage of rhBMP-2 in the anterior cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 31(24): 2813-9, 2006
  59. Cogan JD, Vnencak-Jones CL, Phillips JA, et al: Gross BMPR2 gene rearrangements constitute a new cause for primary pulmonary hypertension. Genet Med 7(3): 169-74, 2005
  60. Herman MJ, Brown KO, Sponselier PD, et al: Pediatric Cervical Spine Clearance. A consensus statement and algorithm from the Pediatric Cervical Spine Clearance Working Group. J Bone Joint Surg Am 101 (1): e1, 2019
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