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HomeCongenital Disorders of the Nervous System in ChildrenSyringomyelia in Children HomepageReferences for Syringomyelia in Children

References for Syringomyelia in Children

This page was last updated on November 25th, 2022

  1. Armonda RA, Citrin CM, Foley KT, et al: Quantitative cine-mode magnetic resonance imaging of Chiari I malformations: an analysis of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Neurosurgery 35:214-223; discussion 223-214, 1994
  2. Batzdorf U: Chiari I malformation with syringomyelia. Evaluation of surgical therapy by magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg 68:726-730, 1988
  3. Batzdorf U: Syringomyelia Related to Abnormalities of the Craniovertebral Junction. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1991
  4. Batzdorf U: Syringomyelia, Chiari Malformations, and Hydromyelia, 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1996
  5. Bhadelia RA, Bogdan AR, Wolpert SM, et al: Cerebrospinal fluid flow waveforms: analysis in patients with Chiari I malformation by means of gated phase-contrast MR imaging velocity measurements. Radiology 196:195-202, 1995
  6. Charney EB, Rorke LB, Sutton LN, et al: Management of Chiari II complications in infants with myelomeningocele. J Pediatr 111:364-371, 1987
  7. Dyste GN, Menezes AH, VanGilder JC: Symptomatic Chiari malformations. An analysis of presentation, management, and long-term outcome. J Neurosurg 71:159-168, 1989
  8. Elster AD, Chen MY: Chiari I malformations: clinical and radiologic reappraisal. Radiology 183:347-353, 1992
  9. Hida K, Iwasaki Y, Koyanagi I, et al: Surgical indication and results of foramen magnum decompression versus syringosubarachnoid shunting for syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation. Neurosurgery 37:673-678; discussion 678-679, 1995
  10. Iskandar B, Oakes W: The Chiari malformations, in Albright A, Pollack I, Adelson P (eds): Principles and Practice of Pediatric Neurosurgery, 1st ed. New York: Thieme, 1999, pp 247-270
  11. Iskandar BJ, Oakes WJ, McLaughlin C, et al: Terminal syringohydromyelia and occult spinal dysraphism. J Neurosurg 81:513-519, 1994
  12. Klekamp J, Batzdorf U, Samii M, et al: Treatment of syringomyelia associated with arachnoid scarring caused by arachnoiditis or trauma. J Neurosurg 86:233-240, 1997
  13. La Marca F, Herman M, Grant JA, et al: Presentation and management of hydromyelia in children with Chiari type-II malformation. Pediatr Neurosurg 26:57-67, 1997
  14. Levy WJ, Mason L, Hahn JF: Chiari malformation presenting in adults: a surgical experience in 127 cases. Neurosurgery 12:377-390, 1983
  15. Mampalam TJ, Andrews BT, Gelb D, et al: Presentation of type I Chiari malformation after head trauma. Neurosurgery 23:760-762, 1988
  16. McGirt MJ, Attenello FJ, Atiba A, et al: Symptom recurrence after suboccipital decompression for pediatric Chiari I malformation: analysis of 256 consecutive cases. Childs Nerv Syst May 31, 2008 [Epub ahead of publication]
  17. Medow JE, Sansone J, Iskandar BJ: Syringomyelia and hydromyelia, in Albright AL, Pollack I, Adelson P (eds): Principles and Practice of Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2nd ed. New York: Thieme, 2008, pp 444-473
  18. Menezes AH: Chiari I malformations and hydromyelia–complications. Pediatr Neurosurg 17:146-154, 1991
  19. Mikulis DJ, Diaz O, Egglin TK, et al: Variance of the position of the cerebellar tonsils with age: preliminary report. Radiology 183:725-728, 1992
  20. Milhorat TH, Capocelli AL, Jr., Anzil AP, et al: Pathological basis of spinal cord cavitation in syringomyelia: analysis of 105 autopsy cases. J Neurosurg 82:802-812, 1995
  21. Milhorat TH, Johnson RW, Milhorat RH, et al: Clinicopathological correlations in syringomyelia using axial magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurgery 37:206-213, 1995
  22. Milhorat TH, Miller JI, Johnson WD, et al: Anatomical basis of syringomyelia occurring with hindbrain lesions. Neurosurgery 32:748-754; discussion 754, 1993
  23. Muhonen MG, Menezes AH, Sawin PD, et al: Scoliosis in pediatric Chiari malformations without myelodysplasia. J Neurosurg 77:69-77, 1992
  24. Nagib MG: An approach to symptomatic children (ages 4-14 years) with Chiari type I malformation. Pediatr Neurosurg 21:31-35, 1994
  25. Naidich TP, McLone DG, Fulling KH: The Chiari II malformation: Part IV. The hindbrain deformity. Neuroradiology 25:179-197, 1983
  26. Naidich TP, Pudlowski RM, Naidich JB: Computed tomographic signs of the Chiari II malformation. III: ventricles and cisterns. Radiology 134:657-663, 1980
  27. Naidich TP, Pudlowski RM, Naidich JB, et al: Computed tomographic signs of the Chiari II malformation. Part I: Skull and dural partitions. Radiology 134:65-71, 1980
  28. Nohria V, Oakes WJ: Chiari I malformation: a review of 43 patients. Pediatr Neurosurg 16:222-227, 1990-1991
  29. Oakes WJ: Chiari malformations, hydromyelia, and syringomyelia, in Wilkins R, Rengachary S (eds): Neurosurgery, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996, pp 3593-3616
  30. Oakes WJ: The Chiari malformations of the child, in Menezes AH, Sonntag V (eds): Principles of Spinal Surgery, 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996, pp 379-394
  31. Ono A, Ueyama K, Okada A, et al: Adult scoliosis in syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation. Spine 27:E23-28, 2002
  32. Paul KS, Lye RH, Strang FA, et al: Arnold-Chiari malformation. Review of 71 cases. J Neurosurg 58:183-187, 1983
  33. Potter K, Saifuddin A: Pictorial review: MRI of chronic spinal cord injury. Br J Radiol 76:347-352, 2003
  34. Samii M, Klekamp J: Surgical results of 100 intramedullary tumors in relation to accompanying syringomyelia. Neurosurgery 35:865-873; discussion 873, 1994
  35. Samuelsson L, Bergstrom K, Thuomas KA, et al: MR imaging of syringohydromyelia and Chiari malformations in myelomeningocele patients with scoliosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 8:539-546, 1987
  36. Schmitt HP: “Inverse Chiari type II syndrome” in untreated hydrocephalus and its relationship to typical Arnold-Chiari syndrome. Brain Dev 3:271-275, 1981
  37. Silberstein M, Tress BM, Hennessy O: Delayed neurologic deterioration in the patient with spinal trauma: role of MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 13:1373-1381, 1992
  38. Tubbs RS, McGirt MJ, Oakes WJ: Surgical experience in 130 pediatric patients with Chiari I malformations. J Neurosurg 99:291-296, 2003
  39. Wealthall SR, Whittaker GE, Greenwood N: The relationship of apnoea and stridor in spina bifida to other unexplained infant deaths. Dev Med Child Neurol 16:107-116, 1974
  40. Worley G, Erwin CW, Schuster JM, et al: BAEPs in infants with myelomeningocele and later development of Chiari II malformation-related brainstem dysfunction. Dev Med Child Neurol 36:707-715, 1994
  41. Strahle J, Muraszko KM, Kapurch J, et al: Chiari malformation Type I and syrinx in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg Pediatr: 205-13, 2011
  42. Schurch B, Wichmann W, Rossier AB: Post-traumatic syringomyelia (cystic myelopathy): a prospective study of 449 patients with spinal cord injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60:61-67, 1996
  43. Oakley JC, Ojemann GA, Alvord EC Jr: Posttraumatic syringomyelia. Case report. J Neurosurg 55:276-281, 1981
  44. Cho KH, Iwasaki Y, Imamura H, et al: Experimental model of posttraumatic syringomyelia: the role of adhesive arachnoiditis in syrinx formation. J Neurosurg 80:133-9, 1994
  45. Lohle PN, Wurzer HA, Hoogland PH, et al: The pathogenesis of syringomyelia in spinal cord ependymoma. Clinical Neurol Neurosurg 96:323-6, 1994
  46. Samii M, Klekamp J: Surgical results of 100 intramedullary tumors in relation to accompanying syringomyelia. Neurosurgery 35:865-873, 1994
  47. Greitz D: Unraveling the riddle of syringomyelia. Neurosurg Rev 29:251-263, 2006
  48. Milhorat TH, Chou MW, Trinidad EM, et al: Chiari I malformation redefined: clinical and radiographic findings for 364 symptomatic patients. Neurosurgery 44:1005-1017, 1999
  49. Markunas CA, Tubbs RS, Moftakhar R, et al. Clinical, radiologic, and genetic similarities between patients with Chiari 1 and 0 malformations. J Neurosurg:Pediatr 9:372-378, 2012
  50. Greenfield JG, Graham DI, Lantos PL: Greenfield’s Neuropathology, 7th ed. New York: Arnold, 2002, p 429
  51. Singhal A, Bowen-Roberts T, Steinbok P, et al: Natural history of untreated syringomyelia in pediatric patients. Neurosurg Focus 31(6):E13, 2011
  52. Magge SN, Smyth MD, Governale LS, et al: Idiopathic syrinx in the pediatric population: a combined center experience. J Neurosurg Pediatr 7:30-36, 2011
  53. Heiss JD, Patronas N, DeVroom HL, et al: Elucidating the pathophysiology of syringomyelia. J Neurosurg 91:553-562, 1999
  54. Tubbs, RS, Beckman J, Naftel RP, et al: Institutional experience with 500 cases of surgically treated pediatric Chiari malformation Type I. J Neurosurg Pediatr 7: 248-256, 2011
  55. Yeoun LJ, Hoon PJ, Jung-Eun C, et al: Pre- and post-untethering courses of syringomyelia associated with tethered spinal cord. Neurosurgery 71:23-29, 2012
  56. Lonser RR, Weil RJ, Wanebo JE, et al: Surgical management of spinal cord hemangioblastomas in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease. J Neurosurg 98: 106-116, 2003
  57. Klekamp J: The pathophysiology of syringomyelia – historical overview and current concept. Acta Neurochir (Wien)144:649-664, 2002
  58. Vaquero J, Martínez R, Salazar J, et al: Syringosubarachnoid shunt for treatment of syringomyelia. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 84:105-109, 1987
  59. Yabe I, Kikuchi S, Tashiro K: Familial syringomyelia: the first Japanese case and review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 105:69-71, 2002
  60. Markunas CA, Tubbs RS, Moftakhar R, Ashley-Koch AE, Gregory SG, Oakes WJ, Speer MC, Iskandar BJ. Clinical, radiological, and genetic similarities between patients with Chiari Type I and Type 0 malformations. J Neurosurg Pediatr 9:372-378, 2012
  61. Gardner WJ: Hydrodynamic mechanism of syringomyelia: its relationship to myelocele. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 28:247-259, 1965
  62. Williams B: Progress in syringomyelia. Neurol Res 8:130-145, 1986
  63. Oldfield EH, Muraszko K, Shawker TH, et al: Pathophysiology of syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation of the cerebellar tonsils. Implications for diagnosis and treatment. J Neurosurg 80:3-15, 1994
  64. d’Angers O: Traité des maladies de la moëlle épinière, contenant l’histoire anatomique, physiologique et pathologique de ce centre nerveux chez l’homme. 2nd ed. Paris: Crevot,1827. Reprinted: Paris: Cercle du Livre Precieux, 1965, pp 2-42
  65. Estienne C: La dissection des parties du corps humain avec les figures et declaration des incisions, comosees par Estienne de la riuiere. Paris: Simon de Colines, 1546
  66. Portal A, Senac MO: Cours d’Anatomie Med., vol 4. Paris: Baudouin 1804, p 117
  67. Abbe R, Coley WB: Syringomyelia, operation-exploration of the cord, withdrawal of fluid, exhibition of patient. J Nerv Ment Dis 17: 512-520, 1892
  68. Brunner JC, in Bonet T (ed): Sepulchretum, book 1, 2 ed. Geneva: Cramer and Perachon, 1700, p 396
  69. Newton EJ: Syringomyelia as a manifestation of defective fourth ventricular drainage. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 44: 194-213, 1969
  70. American Syringomyelia and Chiari Alliance Project: The prevalence of SM in the U.S. Longview, TX: American Syringomyelia and Chiari Alliance Project, 2009 (http://asap.org/index.php/medical-articles/the-prevalence-of-sm-in-the-u-s/) [Acccessed 28 February 2014]
  71. Gardner WJ, Goodall RJ: The surgical treatment of Arnold-Chiari malformation in adults: an explanation of its mechanism and importance of encephalography in its diagnosis. J Neurosurg 7:199–213, 1950
  72. Gardner WJ, Angel J: The cause of syringomyelia and its surgical treatment. Cleve Clin Q 25:4-17, 1958
  73. Loth F, Yardimci MA, Alperin N: Hydrodynamic modeling of cerebrospinal fluid motion within the spinal cavity. J Biomech Eng 123:71-79, 2001
  74. Kalata W, Martin BA, Oshinski J, et al: Hydrodynamics of cerebrospinal fluid in spinal canal with Chiari malformation and syringomyelia. 2004 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Anaheim, CA, November 2004
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