Incidence and Prevalence
- 30-40% of cases of hydrocephalus: Aqueductal stenosis accounts for 15–60% of cases of hydrocephalus in children and 10–40% of cases in adults (45, 51, 87,107).
Age Distribution
- Bimodal distribution: There are two peaks of distribution for age: one in the first year of life and the other in adolescence (45).
Sex Predilection
- Male: There is a slight male prevalence (45)
Geographic Distribution
- None: There is no geographic predilection
Risk Factors
- Genetic
- Infection or inflammation
- Hemorrhage
- Toxicities and deficiencies
- CNS malformations
- Functional stenosis
- Venous hypertension
- Tumoral aqueductal stenosis
Relationships to Other Disease States and Syndromes
- Neurofibromatosis: Non-tumoral aqueductal stenosis may be associated with certain inherited syndromes, such as neurofibromatosis (100). In their series, Pascual-Castroviejo et al (81) reported aqueductal stenosis in about 5% of children with NF1.
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