Common Causative Pathogens of Brain Abscesses in Children

This page was last updated on April 8th, 2024

Age		Pathogens
Neonate (118)		Proteus Citrobacter Enterobacter
Child (55, 132)		Streptococcus (aerobic and anaerobic) 60-70% Gram negative anaerobic 20-40% Enterobacter Staphylococcus 10-15%
Route of Infection	Condition	Pathogens
Hematogenous
	Congenital heart disease	Streptococcus viridans Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus (aerobic and microaerophillic) Haemophilus sp.
	Endocarditis	Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus (aerobic and microaerophillic)
	Bacteremia	Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus (aerobic and microaerophillic) Gram negative anaerobic bacilli
	Pulmonary infection	Streptococcus (aerobic and anaerobic) Nocardia Gram negative anaerobic bacilli Fusobacterium Actinomyces
	Skin folliculitis	Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus
	Osteomyelitis	Staphylococcus aureus Enterobacter Streptococcus Haemophilus sp.
	Pulmonary foreign body (aspiration)	Streptococcus (aerobic and anaerobic) Gram negative anaerobic bacilli Nocardia Fusobacterium Actinomyces
Contiguous
	Otitis media	Streptococcus (aerobic and anaerobic) Enterobacter Pseudomonas Provetella Bacteroides
	Sinus infection	Streptococcus (aerobic and anaerobic) Enterobacter Pseudomonas Fusobacterium Bacteroides Haemophilus sp.
	Meningitis	Staphylococcus Gram negative bacilli Streptococcus Listeria Haemophilus sp.
	Dental infection	Mixed anaerobes Streptococcus (aerobic and anaerobic) Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus
Trauma
	Penetrating cranial injury	Streptococcus Staphylococcus Enterococcus Mycobacterium Bacteroides Clostridium
Neurosurgical procedure		Staphylococcus Pseudomonas Enterococcus
Immunological Status		Pathogens
Immunocompromised		Nocardia Mycobacteria (TB) Gram negative anaerobic bacilli Asperillus Candida Enterobacter Cryptococcus Toxoplasma gondii Mucorales Listeria

(Adapted from 31, 51)

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