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ISPN GuideTumors of the Nervous System in ChildrenInfratentorial Tumors In Children HomepageMedulloblastomas in Children HomepageOutcome for Medulloblastomas in Children

Outcome for Medulloblastomas in Children

This page was last updated on April 8th, 2024

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Survival After Initial Treatment

  • Average risk: The 5-year progression-free survival for children with an average-risk tumor is as high as 90%.
  • High risk: Even for children with high-risk tumors, the 5-year progression-free survival may exceed 80% (17).

Recurrent Medulloblastoma

  • Lower survival rate:  A much lower survival rate is associated with recurrence, with previous reports of a 5-year survival rate of 30% after high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell rescue (4).

Functional Status

  • Side effects of therapies: Survivors have an increased risk of cognitive decline, endocrinopathies, second malignancies, and a variety of additional complications associated with both radiation therapy and chemotherapy (6, 9, 10, 16).
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Complications of Therapies for Medulloblastomas in Children
On The Horizon for Medulloblastoma in Children

References

  1. Albright AL, Wisoff JH, Zeltzer PM, et al: Effects of medulloblastoma resections on outcome in children: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Neurosurgery 38:265-271, 1996
  2. Bailey CC, Gnekow A, Wellek S, et al: Prospective randomised trial of chemotherapy given before radiotherapy in childhood medulloblastoma. International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) and the (German) Society of Paediatric Oncology (GPO): SIOP II. Med Pediatr Oncol 25:166-178, 1995
  3. Chatty EM, Earle KM: Medulloblastoma. A report of 201 cases with emphasis on the relationship of histologic variants to survival. Cancer 28:977-983, 1971
  4. Dunkel IJ, Boyett JM, Yates A, et al: High-dose carboplatin, thiotepa, and etoposide with autologous stem-cell rescue for patients with recurrent medulloblastoma. Children's Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol 16:222-228, 1998
  5. Evans DG, Farndon PA, Burnell LD, et al: The incidence of Gorlin syndrome in 173 consecutive cases of medulloblastoma. Br J Cancer 64:959-961, 1991
  6. Fritsch MJ, Doerner L, Kienke S, et al: Hydrocephalus in children with posterior fossa tumors: role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy. J Neurosurg 103:40-42, 2005.
  7. Halberg FE, Wara WM, Fippin LF, et al: Low-dose craniospinal radiation therapy for medulloblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 20:651-654, 1991
  8. Hershatter BW, Halperin EC, Cox EB: Medulloblastoma: the Duke University Medical Center experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12:1771-1777, 1986
  9. Johnson DL, McCabe MA, Nicholson HS, et al: Quality of long-term survival in young children with medulloblastoma. J Neurosurg 80:1004-1010, 1994
  10. Kimmings E, Kleinlugtebeld AT, Casey A, et al: Medulloblastoma: factors influencing the educational potential of surviving children. Br J Neurosurg 9:611-617, 1995
  11. Lee M, Wisoff JH, Abbott R, et al: Management of hydrocephalus in children with medulloblastoma: prognostic factors for shunting. Pediatr Neurosurg 20:240-247, 1994
  12. Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, et al (eds): WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. Lyon: IARC Press, 2007, pp 132-136
  13. Maher CO, Friedman JA, Raffel C: Posterior fossa tumors in children, in Batjer HH, Loftus CM (eds): Textook of Neurological Surgery:  Principles and Practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003, p 985
  14. Meyers SP, Kemp SS, Tarr RW: MR imaging features of medulloblastomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 158:859-865, 1992
  15. Muraszko KM, Brahma B, Orringer D: Medulloblastomas, in Albright AL, Pollack IF, Adelson PD (eds): Principles and Practice of Pediatric Neurosurgery. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 2008, pp 605-607
  16. Ogilvy-Stuart AL, Clayton PE, Shalet SM: Cranial irradiation and early puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78:1282-1286, 1994
  17. Packer RJ, Cogen P, Vezina G, et al: Medulloblastoma: clinical and biologic aspects. Neuro Oncol 1:232-250, 1999
  18. Pollack IF: Pediatric brain tumors. Semin Surg Oncol 16:73-90, 1999
  19. Roberts RO, Lynch CF, Jones MP, et al: Medulloblastoma: a population-based study of 532 cases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 50:134-144, 1991
  20. Rutka JT, Kuo JS: Pediatric surgical neuro-oncology: current best care practices and strategies. J Neurooncol 69:139-150, 2004
  21. Rutkowski S, Bode U, Deinlein F, et al: Treatment of early childhood medulloblastoma by postoperative chemotherapy alone. N Engl J Med 352:978-986, 2005
  22. Sainte-Rose C, Cinalli G, Roux FE, et al: Management of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors: the role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy. J Neurosurg 95:791-797, 2001
  23. Evans AE, Jenkin RD, Sposto R, et al: The treatment of medulloblastoma: results of a prospective randomized trial of radiation therapy with and without CCNU, vincristine, and prednisone. J Neurosurg 72:573-582, 1990
  24. Steinbok P, Cochrane DD, Perrin R, et al: Mutism after posterior fossa tumour resection in children: incomplete recovery on long-term follow-up. Pediatr Neurosurg 39:179-183, 2003
  25. Taylor MD, Sanford RA, Boop FA: Cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas, in Albright AL, Pollack IF, Adelson PD (eds): Principles and Practice of Pediatric Neurosurgery. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 2008, pp 655-666
  26. Woo C, Stea B, Lulu B, et al: The use of stereotactic radiosurgical boost in the treatment of medulloblastomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37:761-764, 1997
  27. Northcott PA, Korshunov A, Witt H, et al: Medulloblastoma comprises four distinct molecular variants.  J Clin Oncology 29: 1408-1414, 2010
  28. Rutka JT, Hoffman HH: Medulloblastoma: A historical perspective and overview. J Neuro-Oncology 29: 1-7, 1996
  29. Patterson R, Farr RF: Cerebellar medulloblastomas: Treatment by irradiation of the whole central nervous system. Acta Radiol 39: 323-336, 1953
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