Incidence and Prevalence
- Rare: DAVFs in children are exceedingly rare and account for only 10% of all intracranial AV shunts in children (11).
Age Distribution
- None: There is no known age predilection.
Sex Predilection
- None: There is no known sex predilection.
Geographic Distribution
- None: There is no known variance in incidence as a function of geographic location.
Risk Factors
- Hypercoagulable states and sinus thrombosis: Inherited prothrombotic conditions, such as antithrombin, protein C deficiency, and protein S deficiency, may contribute to the pathology (12,13).
- Previous craniotomies: Iatrogenic surgical trauma to the meninges may induce the formation of DAVFs (14).
- Previous trauma: Head trauma may induce the formation of DAVFs (15).
Relationships to Other Disease States and Syndromes
- Associations with vascular anomaly syndromes: DAVFs have been reported in association with PHACE syndrome and syndromes that involve a mutation in the phosphatase and tensin homolog gene, including PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (16).
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