- Barson AJ: The vertebral level of termination of the spinal cord during normal and abnormal development. J Anat 106:489-497,1970
- Breig A: Adverse Mechanical Tension in the Central Nervous System: An Analysis of Cause and Effect. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1978, p 152
- Coleman LT, Zimmerman RA, Rorke LB: Ventriculus terminalis of the conus medullaris: MR findings in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16:1421-1426,1995
- DiPietro MA: The conus medullaris: normal us findings throughout childhood. Radiology 188:149-153,1993
- Fitz CR, Harwood-Nash DC: The tethered conus. AJR Am J Roentgenology 125:515-523,1975
- Garceau GJ: The filum terminale syndrome. JBJS 35-A:711-716, 1953
- Grogan JP, Daniels DL, Williams AL, et al: The normal conus medullaris: CT criteria for recognition. Radiology 151:661-664,1984
- Hansasuta A, Tubbs RS, Oakes WJ: Filum terminale fusion and dural sac termination: study in 27 cadavers 30:176-179,1999
- Hendrick EB, Hoffman HJ, Humphreys RP: The tethered spinal cord. Clin Neurosurg 30:457-463,1983
- Khoury AE, Hendrick EB, McLorie GA, et al: Occult spinal dysraphism: clinical and urodynamic outcome after division of the filum terminale. J Urol 144:426-429,1990
- Khoury AE, Balcom A, McLorie GA, et al: Clinical experience in urological involvement with tethered cord syndrome, in Yamada S (ed): Tethered Cord Syndrome. Park Ridge, Illinois: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 1996, pp 89-98
- Kondo A, Kato K, Kanai S, et al: Bladder dysfunction secondary to tethered cord syndrome in adults: is it curable? J Urol 135:313-316,1986
- Kondo A, Gotoh M, Kato K, et al: Treatment of persistent enuresis. Results of severing a tight filum terminale. Br J Urol 62:42-45,1988
- Kriss VM, Kriss TC, Babcock DS: The ventriculus terminalis of the spinal cord in the neonate: a normal variant on sonography. AJR 165:1491-1493,1995
- McLendon RE, Oakes WJ, Heinz ER, et al: Adipose tissue in the filum terminale: a computed tomographic finding that may indicate tethering of the spinal cord. Neurosurgery 22:873-876,1988
- McLone DG: Occult dysraphism and the tethered spinal cord, in Choix M, DiRocco C, Hockley A, et al (eds): Pediatric Neurosurgery. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 1999, pp 61-78
- Yundt KD, Park TS, Kaufman BA: Normal diameter of filum terminale in children: in vivo measurement. Pediatr Neurosurg 27:257-259,1997
- Moufarrij NA, Palmer JM, Hahn JF, et al: Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and surgical findings in the tethered spinal cord. Neurosurgery 25:341-346,1989
- Nazar GB, Casale AJ, Roberts JG, et al: Occult filum terminale syndrome. Pediatr Neurosurg 23: 228-235,1995
- Nievelstein RAJ, Hartwig NG, Vermeij-Keers C, et al: Embryonic development of the mammalian caudal neural tube. Teratology 48:21-31,1993
- Raghavan N, Barkovich AJ, Edwards M, et al: MR imaging in the TSC syndrome. AJR 152:843-852,1989
- Reimann AF, Anson BJ: Vertebral level of termination of the spinal cord with report of a case of sacral cord: Anat Rec 88:127-138,1944
- Robbin ML, Filly RA, Goldstein RB: The normal location of the fetal conus medullaris. J Ultrasound Med 13:541-546,1994
- Şahin F, Selçuki, Ecin N, et al: Level of conus medullaris in term and preterm neonates. Arch Dis Child 77:F67-F69,1997
- Saifuddin A, Burnett SJD, White J: The variation of position of the conus medullaris in an adult population: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Spine 23:1452-1456,1998
- Salbacak A, Büyükmumcu M, Malas MA, et al: An investigation of the conus medullaris and filum terminale variations in human fetuses. Surg Radiol Anat 22:89-92,2000
- Selçuki M, Coşkun K: Management of the tight filum terminale syndrome with special emphasis on normal level conus medullaris (nlcm). Surg Neurol 50:318-22,1998
- Selçuki M, Ünlü A, Uğur H, et al: Patients with urinary incontinence often benefit from surgical detethering of tight filum terminale. Child’s Nerv Syst 16:150-155,2000
- Tani S, Yamada S, Knighton RS: Extensibility of the lumbar and sacral cord: pathophysiology of the TSC in cats. J Neurosurg 66:116-123,1987
- Taylor TKF, Coolican MJR: Injuries of the conus medullaris. Paraplegia 26:393-400,1988.
- Tubbs RS, Elton S, Bartolucci AA, et al: The position of the conus medullaris in children with a Chiari I malformation. Pediatr Neurosurg 33:249-251, 2000
- Tubbs RS, Salter G, Grabb PA, et al: The denticulate ligament: anatomy and functional significance. J Neurosurg (Spine 2) 94:271-275,2001
- Vernet O, O’Gorman AM, Farmer JP, et al: Use of the prone position in the mri evaluation of spinal cord retethering. Pediatr Neurosurg 25:286-294,1996
- Vettivel S: Vertebral level of the termination of the spinal cord in human fetuses. J Anat 179:149-161,1991
- Warder DE, Oakes WJ: Tethered cord syndrome and the conus in a normal position. Neurosurgery 33:374-378,1993
- Warder DE, Oakes WJ: Tethered cord syndrome: the low-lying and normally positioned conus. Neurosurgery 34:597-600,1994
- Warder DE: Tethered cord syndrome and occult spinal dysraphism. Neurosurg Focus 10:1-9,2001
- Wilson DA, Prince JR: MR imaging determination of the location of the normal conus medullaris throughout childhood. AJR 152:1029-1032,1989
- Yamada S, Zinke DE, Sanders D: Pathophysiology of “tethered cord syndrome”. J Neurosurg 54:494-503,1981
- Yamada S, Iacono RP, Douglas C, et al: Tethered cord syndrome in adults, in Yamada S (ed): Tethered Cord Syndrome, Park Ridge, IL: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 1996, pp 149-165
- Yamada S, Iacono R, Morgese V, et al: Tethered cord syndrome, in Menezes AH, Sonntag VKH (eds): Principles of Spinal Surgery, vol 1. New York: McGraw Hill, 1996, pp 433-445
Please create a free account or log in to read 'References for Tethered Cord Syndrome With a Normally Positioned Conus in Children'
Registration is free, quick and easy. Register and complete your profile and get access to the following:
- Full unrestricted access to The ISPN Guide
- Download pages as PDFs for offline viewing
- Create and manage page bookmarks
- Access to new and improved on-page references