Glossary

MicroRNA – a small RNA molecule that is non-coding and contains complimentary base pairs to mRNA molecules that it targets to effect regulation of gene transcription and post-transcription expression.

Minimally invasive spine surgery. Also referred to as microdiskectomy, Typically refers to a technique that is done through a small incision with avoidance of muscle incisions with removal of the herniated disk done using a surgical microscope.

Mismatch Repair – This is a system that recognizes DNA mismatch of base pairs that can occur during replication and recombination. The system then repairs some forms of mismatch.

Management of Myelomeningocele Study – a randomized, prospective multi-center study of the efficacy of in utero closure (i.e., fetal surgery) of myelomeningoceles (spina bifida cystica) present in a fetus while still in the womb.

This a progressive disorder that causes a narrowing or closing of the carotid artery or the beginning of its major branches at the base of the brain.  The primary form is heritable (autosomal dominant) and is responsible for 10% of such cases in Japan.  The secondary forms can be seen in patients with conditions such as Sickle Cell Disease, Down’s Syndrome or Neurofibromatosis or after treatments that can be complicated by an irritation of blood vessels (vasculitis) such as radiation.

Magnetic resonance – as in magnetic resonance imaging or MRI

Magnetic Resonance Angiography.  A magnetic resonance image of blood vessels which, unlike routing angiography, is noninvasive.

Magnetic resonance imaging. A sophisticated imaging technique using magnetic fields instead of x-rays to create the image.

Messenger RNA – a type of RNA that passes genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome that directs protein synthesis.

Magnetic Resonance Perfusion.  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  technique for evaluating perfusion or the degree of delivery of oxygen and nutrients by blood circulation to a tissue.