Glossary

Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Neurofibromatosis Type 2

Nongerminomatous germ cell tumor – one of two types of germ cell tumors. this category of germ cell tumor includes all germ cell tumor types other than pure germinoma germ cell tumors (embryonal carcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor, choriocarcinoma, teratoma)..

Nuclear magnetic  resonance – This refers to specific frequency that atomic nuclei emit after absorbing energy from a magnetic field.  This property is used to analyze materials to identify the atomic and/or molecular components based on the frequencies emitted from a serial after it is subjected to a strong magnetic field.

AKA NOG – a protein which in humans is encoded by the NOG gene. It inhibits TGF-β and has been shown to be important in learning, cognition, bone development, joint formation, and neural tube fusion.

Normal saline. This term is typically used to describe an intravenous fluid infusion that has 9 grams of sodium chloride (salt) per liter of solution.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug- a class of drugs that provide pain and fever-reducing effects. When the drugs are taken for an extended period of time at higher doses they also provide anti-inflammatory effects.

Neural tube defect. A failure in closure of the neural tube during the first trimester of fetal development. It is one of the most common types of developmental anomalies, occurring in 1 of every 1000 births. Myelomeningoceles and anencephaly are common examples.

retraction nystagmus or convergence-retraction nystagmus- On fast up-gaze, the eyes pull in and the globes retract. This is generally a sign of central nervous system dysfunction, typically involving the midbrain.

O6-methylguanine – this is a naturally occuring protein (alkylated guanine) that induces DNA mutations and it is removed by MGMT. It is felt to be carcinogenic.