A 6-year-old girl presented with her first focal seizure involving her right arm with head turning to the right and eyes deviated to right. The seizure secondarily generalizes. A CT scan was done after the onset.
Unenhanced CT scan of cavernous malformation: Image obtained at presentation shows a hemorrhagic lesion (red arrow) at the pole of the right frontal lobe.
She was treated conservatively and put on an anticonvulsant. An MRI was obtained 3 months later.
Unenhanced T1-weighted axial MRI: The lesion in the right frontal pole is hyperintense, consistent with subacute hematoma. It is irregular in shape and extends beyond a hypodense dark rim, suggesting an overt hematoma.
Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted axial MRI: There is mild contrast enhancement.
T2-weighted axial MRI: The dark rim can be seen more clearly. It represents hemosiderin from the hematoma. Focal edema is present.
GRE axial MRI of multiple cavernous malformations: The lesion is dark and amplified, representing the blooming artifact of hemosiderin on GRE MRI sequence.
Sagittal MRA of same patient: No abnormal vascularity is seen in the frontal area.
Axial MRA of same patient: There is no evidence of an AVM.
The patient had another seizure 11 months after the first attack.
Axial CT scan: The image shows an acute hemorrhage in the right frontal pole.
A follow-up MRI was obtained 1 year after the first seizure attack and 1 month after the second attack.
T1-weighted axial MRI: The lesion in the right frontal pole has become hypointense and smaller than it appeared on the previous MRI because the hematoma has resolved.
Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted axial MRI: There is mild contrast enhancement. This may represent the cavernous malformation.
T2-weighted axial MRI: The lesion is dark due to the hemosiderin. The focal edema has disappeared.
GRE axial MRI of multiple cavernous malformations: The blooming artifact of hemosiderin persists.
The patient underwent surgery for excision of the lesion 3 months later (15 months after the initial presentation)
Operative photograph of cavernous malformation: A hemosiderin-stained lesion abutting the surface is shown.
The pathology confirmed cavernous malformation.
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