Glossary

Intrathecal – within the cerebrospinal fluid.

Intravenous

Intraventricular hemorrhage. Typically used when speaking of bleeding within the brain of an infant born prematurely. Specifically, it is bleeding from the subependymal matrix into the ventricles. The smooth muscles of the brain’s arterioles do not develop until late in gestation, resulting in this vulnerability. This condition can cause hydrocephalus and it can be associated with injury to the brain’s parenchyma. In other cases there can be no associated symptoms or sequelae. This injury occurs early in the third trimester and can be associated with cerebral palsy.

Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma – benign, slow growing tumors arising within the central nervous system. They commonly contain cysts and enhance with contrasting agents on imaging.

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis – commonly referred to as JIA or Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. This is a childhood arthritis that may be transient and self-limited or chronic. It is an autoimmune disorder that commonly occurs between 7 to 12 of age, but can occur at any time in childhood or adolescence.

The point where the skin meets the dura in a myelomeningocele.  Its identification serves as a landmark in the surgical repair of a myelomeningocele, allowing protection of underlying nerves and maximal preservation of dura to be used in the repair of the defect.

Kinase insert domain receptor – a VEGF receptor. KDR is also known as Flk1.

Toradol-an potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can be administered orally or as an intramuscular injection.

Klippel-Feil 1

Klippel-Feil 2